India has reported its first known cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that affects the lungs and airways. The two cases were detected in infants at Baptist Hospital, Bengaluru. An 8-month-old boy and a 3-month-old girl were diagnosed with HMPV, both with a history of bronchopneumonia. The girl has been discharged, while the boy is currently recovering.
What is HMPV?
HMPV, a virus from the paramyxovirus family, was first identified in 2001. It primarily affects the respiratory system, causing illnesses similar to the common cold, flu, or Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Vulnerable groups include young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Symptoms of HMPV
The symptoms of HMPV are similar to other respiratory infections and can range from mild to severe:
- Fever: Low-grade to moderate.
- Cough: Persistent and can worsen over time.
- Congestion: Nasal stuffiness or runny nose.
- Breathing difficulties: Wheezing, labored breathing, or flaring nostrils.
- Fatigue: Increased irritability and reduced activity.
- Poor feeding: Particularly in infants due to breathing issues.
In severe cases, HMPV can lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia, requiring immediate medical care.
Current Situation in India
Despite initial reports, experts clarified that HMPV is not a new virus. Karnataka Health Minister Dinesh Gundu Rao noted, “HMPV has existed for years and does not warrant panic. These cases confirm the virus’s local presence, with no history of international travel.”
Additionally, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) stated that there has been no unusual surge in respiratory illnesses like Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI).
HMPV vs. COVID-19
Dr. Sudhir Kumar, a prominent physician, stressed that HMPV is not similar to COVID-19 and cannot lead to a pandemic. “HMPV is routinely detected in children with flu-like symptoms. Only a small percentage of cases require hospitalization,” he explained.
What Are the Causes and Risks?
HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets, contaminated surfaces, or close contact with infected individuals. Risks are higher during late winter and spring. While most cases are mild, infants, elderly individuals, and those with underlying conditions may experience complications.
Expert Recommendations
Dr. Atul Goel, Director-General of Health Services, reassured the public, emphasizing that hospitals are equipped to handle respiratory infections. He urged people to follow basic hygiene practices to stay safe.
Preventive Measures:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
- Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
- Stay home if unwell to prevent spreading the virus.
- Cover your mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing.
- Disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
Government Action
To manage the spread of HMPV, the Delhi government has issued guidelines for hospitals to report cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI). Proper documentation of lab-confirmed influenza cases has also been mandated.
The Union Health Ministry confirmed that there is no cause for alarm, as most HMPV cases are mild and resolve with general care.
Conclusion
HMPV, while not new, has drawn attention following its detection in Bengaluru. With proper hygiene, timely medical care, and awareness, the spread of the virus can be controlled. Experts advise against panic, highlighting that HMPV is manageable with simple precautions and supportive care.
